Octopus vulgaris - MO

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Background
The Octopus vulgaris is more commonly known as the common octopus. Its habitats range from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean Sea. This range is possible due to its ability to adapt quickly to changes in temperature, and efficient thermoregulation. They are generally very intelligent animals, being able to distinguish brightness, shape and size of an object. A common octopus that rose to fame in 2010 was Paul the Octopus, as he correctly predicted Germany's matches during the World Cup.

Thermoregulation
Common Octopi are Poikilothermic - their temperature fluctuates greatly depending on the environment they are in. Usually, there is no difference between the temperature of the environment and the internal temperature of the octopus. They quickly adapt to changes in temperature through mechanisms such as respiration. As temperature increases, respiration rate increases with it, so that more oxygen is consumed. Similarly protein concentration increases to keep up with the rise in metabolic rate. Ideally, the optimum temperature for metabolism is 20 degrees Celsius. Conversely, a decrease in temperature leads to a decrease in respiration, but a higher affinity for oxygen in the blood. This allows it to keep up its metabolic rate, as less energy is spent on respiration.